AI APIs106 · Module I · Lesson 01 of 14
Article · 12 min

OpenAI

GPT-4o, o1, o3 — the API surface, precisely.

Summary

OpenAI's API surface: the reference against which all others are measured. GPT-4o (multimodal), o1/o3 (reasoning), the Assistants API, structured outputs, function calling, image generation, embeddings, TTS/STT. The most comprehensive product surface in the category.

Objectives
  • 01Name the OpenAI model tiers and their positioning.
  • 02State when to reach for chat completions vs. Assistants API.
  • 03Explain OpenAI's structured-output guarantee.
The Lesson

The surface

chat.completions (the workhorse), responses API (2025+ recommended path for stateful multi-turn with tools), embeddings, images, audio. Structured outputs via response_format = json_schema are guaranteed schema-conformant — a hard guarantee, not a hope.

Model choice

GPT-4o: strong general-purpose, multimodal. o3/o3-mini: reasoning, expensive per token, dramatically better on math/code/logic. GPT-4o mini: cheap and fast. Choose based on task: reasoning for hard reasoning, GPT-4o for most work, mini for volume.

Key Ideas
  • OpenAI's structured outputs are guaranteed, not encouraged.
  • Reasoning models cost 5-20x per token but earn it on hard tasks.